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Car Audio Electrical Theory – Capacitance and Inductance

CapacitanceAs we move toward the end of our discussion of car audio electrical theory, we need to talk about capacitance and inductance and how the characteristics of those phenomena interact with AC and DC signals. There’s no doubt that these are advanced concepts, but even a basic understanding of how capacitors and inductors work is fundamental to a thorough understanding of mobile electronics systems.

What Is a Capacitor?

CapacitanceA capacitor is a two-terminal electronic component that stores energy. Capacitors are made of two metallic plates that are separated by an electrical insulator. When we apply a voltage to one terminal of the capacitor, the electrons on one plate will impose a force on the opposite plate to create an opposite charge. The result is that the plates have equal and opposite charges and thus, maintain an electric field. Because the plates in a capacitor are very close together, they can store a large amount of energy for their overall size.

Capacitors are quantified in units of farads. A farad is defined as one coulomb of charge on each plate, resulting in a voltage of one volt across the terminals.

Capacitors in DC Circuits

CapacitanceCapacitors are, at their most basic function, a device that stores a microscopic magnetic field between its plates. When we apply a DC voltage to a discharged capacitor, it appears as a short circuit for an instant as the magnetic and electric fields start to form between its plates. As the capacitor starts to store energy, it increases in effective resistance, and the amount of current flowing through the device is reduced. Once the capacitor has equalized with the supply voltage, almost no current passes through the device.

When we remove the supply voltage from a capacitor, it will attempt to maintain the voltage across the terminals. It is this characteristic that makes capacitors an ideal solution to reduce variations in voltage. Capacitors resist changes in voltage.

Inside the amplifiers in our car audio systems, capacitors are used to store large amounts of energy at the rail voltage. When there is a sudden demand for current that exceeds the capability of the power supply, the capacitors will release energy to maintain their initial voltage. This characteristic helps to stabilize the voltage of the amp during dynamic transients. This same concept applies to “stiffening capacitors” used on the 12V feed to your amplifier. When implemented using high-quality components, the addition of a large capacitor can help to provide transient current to the amp.

The Capacitor in AC circuits

CapacitanceIn alternating current circuits, capacitors take on an interesting phenomenon of “virtual resistance.” As we know, capacitors don’t like to change voltage, yet an AC signal is one that is defined as ever-changing. Depending on the relationship between the capacitor value and the frequency of the AC signal, some amount of the current is allowed to pass through the cap.

If we attempt to measure the resistance of a capacitor with a conventional multimeter, we’ll find it shows an extremely high value. For AC signals, we use the formula Xc = 1 / (2 x 3.1416 x F x C) to calculate the effective resistance, where F is the frequency of the signal and the C is the value of the capacitor in farads. Because this resistance is not present in DC signals, we call it capacitive reactance.

If we wanted to create a simple filter circuit to limit the amount of low-frequency signal going to a speaker, we could wire a non-polarized capacitor in series with the speaker. To calculate the frequency at which the cap starts to reduce bass going to the speaker, we can rearrange the above equation to F = 1 / (2 x 3.1416 x R x C), where R is the same value as the speaker resistance. For a four-ohm speaker and a capacitor with a value of 200 uF (microfarads), we get a frequency of 198.9 Hz. At this frequency, the capacitor appears to have the same reactance as the speaker, and the signal that is going to the speaker is reduced by 50 percent. Because capacitance is inversely proportional to frequency, the impedance of the capacitor increases as frequency decreases. At 99 Hz, the reactance is 8 ohms, at 50 Hz, it’s 16 ohms, and so on. This phenomenon simultaneously reduces the current supplied by the amplifier and acts as a voltage divider between the cap and the speaker.

A capacitor in series with a speaker is known as a first-order high-pass filter. It reduces the output of the speaker at a rate of -6dB per octave as you move away from the crossover frequency as defined above. Capacitors are suitable as filters for midrange and high-frequency drivers in passive designs and as protection devices for tweeters in active designs.

What Is an Inductor?

CapacitanceIn the simplest of terms, an inductor is a coil of wire that creates a magnetic field based on the amount of current flowing through it. Many inductors feature iron cores to increase the intensity of the magnetic field. Where a capacitor resists changes in voltage, an inductor resists changes in current flow. We know from our previous article on magnetism that current flowing through a conductor creates a magnetic field around that conductor. If we wrap the conductor in a loop, the proximity of the loops to one another intensifies the magnetic field.

Also from our previous article, we also know that a magnetic field can impose a voltage on a conductor. If the current in an inductor tries to change, the magnetic field attempts to create a voltage across the device to maintain the current flow.

A good analogy for an inductor is a flywheel on a motor. Once you have established a specific rotational speed, it takes a large amount of work to increase or decrease its speed. Inductors work the same way with current. They resist changes in current flow. Inductors are rated using the unit henry (H). A henry is defined as the opposition to electrical current flow through a device that results in one volt of electromotive force to appear across the terminals.

Inductors in Electrical Circuits

CapacitanceIn most applications, we don’t want inductors in a 12V DC circuit because they resist changes in current flow. For a variable load such as an amplifier, a large amount of inductance in the supply wiring would result in an unstable supply voltage as the current requirements change.

There are some cases where inductors are used in combination with a capacitor to act as a noise filter.

In an AC circuit, inductors allow low-frequency signals to pass through the device with little to no effect. If we wire an inductor in series with a speaker, it acts as a high-pass filter. Unlike a capacitor, in a DC circuit, an inductor appears as a short circuit with very little resistance. To an AC signal, we can calculate the reactive inductance of a capacitor using the equation Xl = 1 x 3.1416 x F x L, where F is frequency and L is inductance in henries.

If we want to use an inductor as a high-pass filter, we can determine the effective crossover point by swapping the Xl for the resistance of the speaker. In this example, we’ll use an inductor with a value of 6 mH (millihenries) and a speaker with a nominal impedance of 4 ohms. There, the -3dB point of the filter circuit would be F = 4 / (2 x 3.1416 x 0.006), or 106.1 Hz. This value of inductor would make a good low-pass filter for a woofer. Just as with a capacitor in series with a speaker, an inductor acts as a first-order filter and reduces output at a rate of -12dB per octave as frequency increases from the crossover point.

Other Cases of Inductance and Capacitance

Anytime two conductors are parallel to each other and in close proximity, there will some level of capacitance. Many overly exuberant enthusiasts talk about capacitance in interconnect cables. While this is a factor, the microscopic changes (if indeed any are perceptible) can be compensated for during the tuning process of the system. When it comes to buying high-quality interconnects, noise rejection and overall design durability should be your top goals.

Capacitance

The voice coil winding in the speakers we use has a certain amount of inductance. This characteristic reduces high-frequency output by reducing current flow at high frequencies. Because speakers are dynamic, their parameters change as the speaker cone moves. In the same way that having an iron core in an inductor increases inductance as compared to an air-core design, the inductance of a speaker voice coil increases when the cone assembly moves rearward into the basket. The T-yoke in the center of the speaker increases the strength of the magnetic field created by the current in the voice coil. Likewise, as the speaker moves forward, the inductance decreases. These position-based inductance distortions can cause a high-frequency warbling effect that can be detrimental to the reproduction of your music. One solution is to implement an under-hung voice coil design where the gap is taller than the coil winding. The drawback to this design is that the voice coil is often small and lacks power handling. Another option is to include a copper pole piece cap to reduce the magnetic field and minimize distortion. A copper cap is an expensive option but offers excellent performance benefits.

Car Audio Electrical Theory

For now, this is the end of our series of articles on car audio electrical theory. We hope you’ve enjoyed learning about the physics behind how your car audio system works. Our goal is to educate enthusiasts so that they can make educated purchases and upgrades to their mobile sound system. If you have any questions, drop by your local mobile electronic specialist retailer. They can help you design an upgrade that will truly transform your commute into an enjoyable listening experience.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, RESOURCE LIBRARY

Car Audio Electrical Theory – Magnetic Fields

Magnetic FieldsFurthering our discussion about car audio electrical theory brings us to a discussion of how the flow of electricity through a conductor creates magnetic fields around the conductor. Understanding the relationship between current flow and magnetism is crucial to understanding how a speaker works.

History of Electromagnetism

Magnetic FieldsThe first documented correlation between electricity and magnetism came from Gian Domenico Romagnosi, a 19th-century Italian legal scholar who noticed that a magnetized needle moved in the presence of a voltaic pile (the predecessor to a battery). Hans Christian Ørsted observed a similar occurrence in April 1820. He was setting up materials for an evening lecture and noticed that a compass needle changed directions when he connected a battery to a circuit. Neither Romagnosi nor Ørsted could explain the phenomenon, but they knew there was a defined relationship.

In 1873, James Clark Maxwell released a publication titled A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, which explained the presence of four effects:

  1. Electric charges attract or repel one another with a force inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them: Unlike charges attract, like ones repel.
  2. Magnetic poles (or states of polarization at individual points) attract or repel one another in a manner similar to positive and negative charges and always exist as pairs: Every north pole is yoked to a south pole.
  3. An electric current inside a wire creates a corresponding circumferential magnetic field outside the wire. Its direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) depends on the direction of the current in the wire.
  4. A current is induced in a loop of wire when it is moved toward or away from a magnetic field, or a magnet is moved toward or away from it; the direction of current depends on that of the movement.

What Causes a Magnetic Field when Electricity Flows?

Magnetic FieldsElectricity is the movement of electrons into and out of a conductor. One electron enters the end of a conductor, bumps into another electron, and so on until a different electron leaves the other end of the conductor and enters the load.

Because there are effectively more electrons in the conductor when current is flowing, the balance of negatively charged electrons to positively charged ions is upset and thus causes an imbalance in the magnetic field around the conductor.

We could devote thousands of words to explaining how atoms work. But in short, the core of an atom has a core of positively charged protons with a bunch of negatively charged electrons circling this core. When there is no flow of current, an atom doesn’t have a magnetic field because the quantity and path of the electrons around the protons are balanced. When we bump an electron out of an atom and into another, the atoms become imbalanced and thus produce a net magnetic field.

An Explanation On a Larger Scale

When electricity flows from the positive terminal of a battery to the negative, a magnetic field is created around the conductor. If you look at the image below, you will see the direction of the magnetic field relative to the flow of power.

Magnetic Fields

In schools, this is often referred to as the right-hand rule. If you wrap your right hand around a conductor with your thumb extended upward in the direction of current flow (putting positive below your hand and negative above), your fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field.

Keep in mind that for audio signals, the polarity of the current changes from positive to negative in the same way that the vibrations produced by someone talking or playing an instrument pressurize and rarefy the air to produce sound.

How Magnetism Makes a Speaker Work

Conventional moving coil loudspeakers use a coil of wire (called a voice coil) and a fixed magnet. The electricity from the amplifier flows through the voice coil and creates a magnetic field. The polarity of the magnetic field pulls the voice inward or pushes it out in an amount proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.

Magnetic Fields
Image credit: Dynavox.com

The diagram below shows the force exerted on the voice coil with the current flowing through the positive half of the audio waveform.

Magnetic Fields

This diagram shows the force exerted on the voice coil with the current flowing through the negative half of the audio waveform.

Magnetic Fields

As the polarity of the current reverses, so too does the force exerted on the voice coil, which is attached to the speaker cone through the voice coil former.

Magnetism Isn’t Always Beneficial

Magnetic FieldsRegarding speakers, we rely on and need magnetic fields for them to work. With that said, magnetism doesn’t always work in our favor.

If there is a large amount of current flowing through a conductor, there will be a strong magnetic field around that conductor. If we place another conductor in that magnetic field, a voltage will be produced across the second piece of wire.

In our vehicles, many devices such as fans, sensors, the alternator, lighting control modules and computers create magnetic fields containing high-frequency noise. When an improperly shielded interconnect passes through one of these fields, it can pick up that noise and produce a voltage on the conductor. This phenomenon is why it’s important for your installer to run the interconnect cables and often the speaker wires in your car away from sources of electrical noise.

Consult Your Local Mobile Electronic Installation Experts

When it’s time to upgrade the sound system in your vehicle, visit your local specialized mobile enhancement retailer. They have the training and experience to ensure your new audio system will sound great and be free of unwanted noise!

In our next article, we are going to talk about inductance and capacitance and how those characteristics affect high-frequency electrical signals.
This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, RESOURCE LIBRARY

Product Spotlight: Sony XAV-AX8000

Sony XAV-AX8000

Fans of big screens, rejoice! Sony is now shipping the XAV-AX8000 media receiver, and it comes with a massive 8.95-inch touchscreen. Designed to fit into single-DIN ISO-mount radio locations, this receiver is based on the highly respected XAV-AX5000 platform to deliver all the entertainment you could ever want in your car, truck or SUV.

Sony XAV-AX8000
The XAV-AX8000 features a single-DIN ISO-mount chassis for easy installation into thousands of different vehicles.

Flexible Mounting Options Ensure Maximum Vehicle Compatibility

The chassis of the XAV-AX8000 features a standard single-DIN chassis that fits in any vehicle that can accommodate an aftermarket installation kit that has ISO-mount provisions, whether single-DIN or double-DIN. This provides a lot of installation coverage for all types of vehicles, some of which cannot accept a typical double-DIN video unit in the dash directly. The 8.95-inch touchscreen mounts in front of the radio and dash in a similar fashion to what Mercedes and Tesla offer with their infotainment systems. The adjustable screen can tilted forward or back by 10 degrees in either direction, and the screen itself can be moved out from the radio chassis up to 2.36 inches to allow for clearance of dashboard obstructions. The entire screen can be moved vertically up to 2.36 inches to prevent blocking air vents, controls and other important items that might surround the radio cavity. This non-motorized mounting system allows for a lot of installation flexibility when installing it into your vehicle.

Sony XAV-AX8000
The screen can be adjusted between 1.57 and 2.36 inches from the chassis.
Sony XAV-AX8000
Your installer can tilt the screen forward or back by up to 10 degrees in either direction during installation.
Sony XAV-AX8000
The screen can be mounted to extend up or down from the single-DIN chassis for perfect integration with your vehicle.

In terms of mounting requirements, Sony specifies that this radio is designed for ISO-DIN applications where brackets bolt to the side of the Sony and then into your dash or an aftermarket installation kit. A mounting sleeve is not provided, and this type of mounting is not recommended.

Sony XAV-AX8000 Features

When it comes to smartphone connectivity, the AX8000 has all the bases covered. Apple CarPlay and Android Auto make it easy to place phone calls, send text messages or choose your favorite music. Popular navigation applications like Waze and Google Maps will provide turn-by-turn instructions to almost any destination in North America. You can even use Google Maps’ Offline Maps feature so that you don’t need a real-time internet connection to reach your destination efficiently.

Sony XAV-AX8000

In terms of audio sources, the radio includes an AM/FM tuner with RDS information display. A USB port on the rear of the chassis will charge your phone with up to 1.5 amps of current, or it can be used with a USB memory stick to play digital media files. The system is compatible with MP3, WMA, AAC, FLAC and WAV audio formats. You can upgrade the system with SiriusXM satellite radio by having your retailer install an SXV300 tuner module at the time of installation. Of course, Bluetooth audio streaming from your smartphone is included. Android Auto and Apple CarPlay add dedicated streaming app support for online services like Pandora, iHeartRadio, Google Play Music, Tidal, Spotify and Radio Disney.

Sound Processing and Vehicle Integration Features

Sony has included a 10-band equalizer so your installer can fine-tune the frequency response of your sound system. Integrated high- and low-pass crossovers can be used with the 20 watt-per-channel built-in amplifier or external amplifiers via the five-volt preamp outputs for front, rear and subwoofer signals. Sony’s Dynamic Stage Organizer applies time correction to the outputs to create a more realistic listening experience that evenly spans the width of your vehicle.

Sony XAV-AX8000The AX8000 features a camera input so your installer can integrate a backup camera into the new radio. The system is compatible with all popular steering wheel-mounted radio control interfaces so they can be retained, which makes it easy to use while driving. Sony has included a fast processor in the AX8000, so the system starts up quickly and inputs from the touchscreen yield lightning-fast responses.

Bring Big Entertainment to Your Vehicle with Sony

If you want to add modern entertainment and connectivity features in a large screen format, the Sony XAV-AX8000 may be the perfect solution. The massive screen is easy to see and use, and the radio has all the source and connectivity options you need. Drop by your local authorized Sony car audio retailer today to take one for a test drive.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, PRODUCTS, RESOURCE LIBRARY Tagged With: Sony

New Apple CarPlay Navigation Options

Apple CarPlay NavigationOn Sept. 17, 2018, Apple launched iOS12 – its latest update to the operating system behind its venerable iPhone and iPad devices. Aside from security updates, performance enhancements and battery life improvements, Apple has added support for third-party applications to CarPlay. Users of factory-installed and aftermarket multimedia receivers that support CarPlay will now be able to use Google Maps and very shortly, Waze, to handle their Apple CarPlay navigation planning.

What is Apple CarPlay?

Apple CarPlay NavigationCarPlay is a smartphone integration technology designed to provide voice-command communication and entertainment features in our cars, trucks and SUVs. CarPlay is software that runs on your source unit and communicates with your smartphone to handle command requests, providing information on the screen of your radio and through your speakers.

CarPlay will let you listen to incoming text messages and dictate a verbal response using the Siri voice recognition virtual assistant integrated into your phone. CarPlay allows you to make calls to people or companies in the contact list of your phone or search the Internet for the phone number of a business. You can also ask Siri to play any of the music stored on your device or control a number of music streaming services like Apple Music, Pandora, iHeartRadio, Spotify, Amazon Music, Google Play Music and Tidal. Podcasts and audiobook playback are additional entertainment options.

Apple CarPlay Navigation Solutions

Apple CarPlay NavigationFrom the time CarPlay launched in September 2014 until September 2018, the only navigation option available was Apple Maps. Apple Maps originally debuted in 2012 and with it came criticism for its limited features and questionable accuracy. In 2015, Apple announced that it had a fleet of vehicles traveling the country to collect information similar to what Google offers in Street View.

In September 2016, a dramatically revised version was released that addressed many of the issues in earlier versions, and the complaints about Apple Maps seemed to fade away slowly.

CarPlay and Apple Maps

Apple CarPlay NavigationFinding a destination is very easy when navigating using CarPlay. You can ask for directions to an address in a city and province, or ask the system to search for an address based on the name of a business. This ability to search the Internet for information is a fundamental component of what makes using smartphone integration solutions like CarPlay and Android Auto so beneficial while driving.

Once you have selected an address, a map will be displayed on the screen of your entertainment system. Audible prompts, complete with street names, will help you handle maneuvers safely without having to take your eyes off the road. It’s worth noting that Apple Maps uses real-time traffic flow information as part of the route calculation process, although Apple hasn’t specifically disclosed where that traffic flow information comes from.

The History of Google Maps

Apple CarPlay NavigationGoogle has invested billions of dollars in creating and maintaining its Google Maps product since purchasing a C++ computer program from the Sydney-based Where 2 technologies in October 2004. Shortly afterward, Google purchased a geospatial visualization company called Keyhole and a company called ZipDash that specialized in real-time traffic analysis. Google Maps officially launched in February 2005, and in October 2009, Google replaced Tele Atlas as its primary supplier of geospatial data with its own information. Google Maps as quickly become the de facto standard for smartphone navigation solutions.

Google Maps, iOS12 and Apple CarPlay

Apple CarPlay NavigationAs of September 2018, Apple CarPlay supports Google Maps as a navigation option. In keeping with the mantra of safety and simplicity, the Apple Maps interface on CarPlay is dramatically simplified compared to the desktop and smartphone versions. You can still search for the destination you want using voice recognition features, but the walking, public transit and bicycling options have justifiably been removed. You do have the option of viewing satellite imagery instead of line art if you choose; options to avoid toll roads and ferries are readily available.

Where Google Maps holds a strong benefit over Apple is in its traffic flow information. Google combines information from municipal and regional services as well as flow information from Waze users. Waze is a navigation product that Google purchased in 2013 for $966 million. Waze uses real-time crowdsourced traffic information to provide incredibly up-to-date routing.

Waze and Apple CarPlay

As of September 2018, Waze is working on testing an update to its iOS application that will make it directly compatible with Apple CarPlay. The primary difference between Waze and Google Maps lies in the ability to report traffic congestion, accidents, road closures and other hazards to your fellow users. Android Auto added support for Waze in July 2017, and many people who commute through congested areas like New York, Los Angeles and Toronto based their phone purchases on this decision over the last year.

Voice Recognition and Third-Party Navigation Applications

Apple CarPlay NavigationBoth Google Maps and Waze include dedicated voice recognition icons on the main screen. They use Google Assistant to handle the voice recognition features and report findings back to the respective software app.

Adding CarPlay to Your Vehicle

If your car, truck or SUV didn’t come from the factory with an Apple CarPlay equipped radio, drop by your local mobile enhancement retailer and ask about upgrading to a multimedia receiver. There are a variety of solutions available from companies like Sony, Kenwood, Pioneer, Alpine and JVC. Be sure to bring your iPhone with you so you can see just how easy it is to use CarPlay to stay in touch with friends, family and coworkers while driving.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, Navigation, RESOURCE LIBRARY

Product Spotlight: Compustar 2-Way R3 with LTE

Compustar 2-way

For 2020, Compustar, the world leader in remote car starter solutions, has upped its game by including a DroneMobile X1-LTE module with all of its 2-way remote bundles. For this spotlight, we are going to look at the RFX-P2WR3-SS Pro 2-way R3 with LTE package that features a single-button, long-range remote control and one of the new DroneMobile interfaces as a secondary way to control the starter system.

Compustar 2-Way R3 Remote Control

Compustar 2-wayThe radiofrequency (RF) remote included in this kit features a compact, one-button design that provides intuitive control over door locking and unlocking, as well as remote start functionality. A quick tap of the button locks the doors and, when equipped with optional security features, arms the alarm. Tapping the button twice in less than a second unlocks the doors and disarms the alarm. To remote start your car or truck, press and hold the button for three seconds. If you want to stop the engine, press and hold the button again for three seconds.

The Pro 2-way R3 remote uses digital spread-spectrum technology to provide up to 2 miles (3.2 km) of range under ideal conditions. This amazing performance helps ensure that you can start your vehicle while inside a shopping mall, an apartment tower or office building where electrical interference and concrete and metal stud walls reduce the efficacy of radio-frequency communication. The strong signal transmission power means there’s no need to wait until you are outside to start your vehicle, and it will have more time to warm up.

Compustar 2-wayAfter each button press, an LED on the remote will flash to indicate that the command has been sent to the vehicle. Once the command has been executed by the system, the remote will beep, and an LED will flash. Unlike other products on the market, confirmation of remote starting is provided only once the engine is running. This two-way communication ensures that you always know the status of the vehicle.

Compustar Pro-Series remote controls are backed by an industry-leading three-year warranty against manufacturing defects. All of the remotes have a water-resistant design and feature a durable injection-molded plastic case that shrugs off day-to-day use and abuse.

DroneMobile Smartphone Control

DroneMobile is Compustar’s smartphone remote control interface. The RFX-P2WR3-SS package includes one of the new DroneMobile X1-LTE interfaces as a companion to the RF remote. The X1-LTE module uses a cellular data connection to communicate with the DroneMobile app on your smartphone to provide an effectively unlimited range. DroneMobile allows you to start your vehicle from anywhere that your smartphone has internet access. You can check the status of your vehicle while you’re in another country for business or vacation. As a bonus, if you’ve asked your retailer to add security features like the DAS II shock/motion/tilt sensor to your remote starter, the DroneMobile app will provide nearly instant alerts if the alarm is triggered.

DroneMobile ModuleWhile the R3 remote is ready to control your remote starter out of the box, the DroneMobile service requires a subscription. Compustar includes 30 days of DroneMobile Premium service for free when you activate your account. After 30 days, you can pick from one of three service packages to ensure that you are always in touch with your vehicle. Compustar includes a key tag and hangtag to make it easy to remember the interface serial number when it comes time to register the system at DroneMobile.com.

The service packages include the Basic option that provides car control — locking, unlocking, trunk release (if installed) and remote start — as well as alarm alerts and vehicle status information. The popular Premium package adds GPS-based warnings, geofencing, and point of interest and curfew alert functionality. If you’re a business owner, you may want to opt for the Premium Plus package that adds trip reporting in CSV format and idling alerts.

Never Get into an Uncomfortable Vehicle Again

If you dread cold winter mornings or scorching summer afternoons, visit your local authorized Compustar Pro dealer and ask about the new RFX-P2WR3-SS Pro R3 2-way with LTE remote package to make your car, truck or SUV more comfortable. For more information about Compustar products or to find a retailer near you, visit www.compustar.com. To keep up with the latest from the world’s top remote starter brand, follow Compustar on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, PRODUCTS, RESOURCE LIBRARY Tagged With: Compustar

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